Idempotency, and Why Retries Need It
A network can't tell a client whether its request failed or only its reply did. Idempotent operations make that ambiguity safe to retry through.
Essays
Long-form arguments, explanations and syntheses — relatively complete pieces, written to be read from beginning to end.
Essays feed2026
A Specimen of the Reading Layout
Every typographic element an article on this site can use — headings, lists, quotations, code, tables, maths, notes and citations — shown in one place.